Alfred Marshall (1842-1924) is one of the pioneers of Neoclassical Economics.
For classical economics price balance came naturally (the famous "invisible hand" of Adam Smith), and even Marx envisaged a "economic determinism."
With Neoclassical perspective analyzes the behavior of economic units that decision-makers (households, companies ...) , and this analysis led Microeconomics to a first plane.
The ceteris paribus (Latin other things being equal) in Marshall states that to analyze an economic problem is to assume that all other economic factors remain constant .
and analyzed each situation , independent, rigorously . For example, a Consumer may be willing to pay for a Coca Cola 5 euros for the first tin purchase (when you have more thirst ) ; would pay only 4 for the second unit of that good and ... 3 for the third ( already satiated ) because utility that is generating an ever smaller . But given that prices are fixed at the Market according to the Marginal Utility of that can of Coca Cola , said Consumer can probably buy three units of this well at a price of 3 euros. For what this man would be saved in the purchase of three cans 3 euros ... and would have the famous "Consumer Surplus."
analyze the behavior of individual consumers in this light of "diminishing marginal utility," and added these tables of data to generate the demand curve (price / quantity) of the market. but required a number of conditions will not change: the tastes and consumer incomes and prices of other goods.
is clear that consumer likes of Coca Cola (rather than the tone for example), has enough money to afford this fad and that the seller does not have a soft drink Pepsi offer at half price! ... the prices of other alternative beverages should not vary. And then we make a rigorous analysis.
This is the famous "ceteris paribus"
Many of the tools that economists use in our daily work ( the elasticity of demand the consumer surplus , the supply and demand curves in trade ...) were coined or popularized by Alfred Marshall .
Zabaleta Mark
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